Q Explain
Advantages & Disadvantages of Large Scale Production.
Advantage of Large scale production:
Efficient use of capital equipment: There is large scope for use of machinery, which results in lower costs. A Large producer can install an up-to- date and expensive machinery. He can also have own repairing unit. Specialized in machinery can be employed for each job. The result is that production is very economical. Small producer with small markets can't keep the machinery continuous working. Keeping it idle is uneconomical. A large Producer can work it continuously and reap resulting economies.
Using of specialized labor: Specialized labor produce a large output and of better quality. It is only in a large business organization that every person can be put on the job that he can best perform.
Better utilization of special in management: The use of capable manager's time in an enlarged scale production. His assistance and specialized may be used in a large-scale production where his ability is more fruitful.
Economies of buying and selling: While purchasing raw material and other accessories, a big business can secure especially favorable term an account of its large custom. He can attract customer by offering a greater variety and by ensuring prompt execution of the orders, placed with it when he selling a product.
Economy in rent: A large-scale producer makes a saving in rent too. If the same factory made to produce a large Quantity of goods, the same amount of rent is divided over a large output. This means a smaller addition to the cost per unit in the form of rent.
Experiment and research: A large concern can afford to spend liberally on research and experiments. Successfully research may lead to the discovery of cheaper process.
Advertisement and salesman ship: A big concern can afford to spend large amount of money on advertisement and salesmanship. Amount of money spent on advertisement per unit comes to a low figure when production is on large scale. Salesman can make a careful study of individual markets and thus acquire a hold on new market or strengthen it on old ones.
Utilization of by-products: A big producer will not have to throw away any of it's by products or waste products. It will be able to make an economical use of them.
Meeting adversity: A big business can show better resistance in times of adversity.
It has much better recourses. Losses can easily bear.
Cheap credit: A large business can secure credit facilities at cheap rate. Its credit in the money market is high and banks are only two willing to give advance. Low cost of credit reduces cost of production.
Disadvantage of large-scale production:
Over-worked management: A large-scale producer cannot pay off that you can think of full attention to every detail. Costs often rise on account of the employees or waste of material by them. This is due to the lack of supervision. Owing to laxity of control costs of production go up. The management is overworked.
Individual tastes ignored: Large-scale production is a mass production or standardized production. Goods of uniform quality are turned out irrespective of the preferences of individual customers. Individual tastes are not therefore, satisfied. This results in a loss of custom.
Personal element: Paid employees generally manage a large-scale business. The owner is usually absent. The sympathy and personal touch, which ought to exit between the master and the men, are missing frequent misunderstandings lead to strikes and lack outs. This is positively harmful to the business.
Possibility of depression: large-scale production may result overhead production. Production may exceed demand and cause depression unemployment. It is not always easy or profitable to dispose of a large output.
Dependence on foreign market: A large-scale producer has generally to depend on foreign markets. The foreign markets may be cut off by war or some other political upheaval this makes the business risky.
Cut throat competition: Large-scale producers must fight for the markets. These are wasteful competition, which does not to society. Many promising businesses are ruined by senses competition. There is also competition and biddings for resorts and inputs.
International complications and war: When the large-scale producer operates on an international scale, their interest clash either on the score of markets or of materials. These complications sometimes lead to armed conflicts. Many a modem war a rose on account of scramble for materials & markets.
Lack of adaptability: A large scale producing units find it's very difficult to switch on from one business to another, in a depression small firms are able to move away from declining trades to flourishing ones easily. In this way they are able to avoid losses. This adaptability is lacking in a big business.
Efficient use of capital equipment: There is large scope for use of machinery, which results in lower costs. A Large producer can install an up-to- date and expensive machinery. He can also have own repairing unit. Specialized in machinery can be employed for each job. The result is that production is very economical. Small producer with small markets can't keep the machinery continuous working. Keeping it idle is uneconomical. A large Producer can work it continuously and reap resulting economies.
Using of specialized labor: Specialized labor produce a large output and of better quality. It is only in a large business organization that every person can be put on the job that he can best perform.
Better utilization of special in management: The use of capable manager's time in an enlarged scale production. His assistance and specialized may be used in a large-scale production where his ability is more fruitful.
Economies of buying and selling: While purchasing raw material and other accessories, a big business can secure especially favorable term an account of its large custom. He can attract customer by offering a greater variety and by ensuring prompt execution of the orders, placed with it when he selling a product.
Economy in rent: A large-scale producer makes a saving in rent too. If the same factory made to produce a large Quantity of goods, the same amount of rent is divided over a large output. This means a smaller addition to the cost per unit in the form of rent.
Experiment and research: A large concern can afford to spend liberally on research and experiments. Successfully research may lead to the discovery of cheaper process.
Advertisement and salesman ship: A big concern can afford to spend large amount of money on advertisement and salesmanship. Amount of money spent on advertisement per unit comes to a low figure when production is on large scale. Salesman can make a careful study of individual markets and thus acquire a hold on new market or strengthen it on old ones.
Utilization of by-products: A big producer will not have to throw away any of it's by products or waste products. It will be able to make an economical use of them.
Meeting adversity: A big business can show better resistance in times of adversity.
It has much better recourses. Losses can easily bear.
Cheap credit: A large business can secure credit facilities at cheap rate. Its credit in the money market is high and banks are only two willing to give advance. Low cost of credit reduces cost of production.
Disadvantage of large-scale production:
Over-worked management: A large-scale producer cannot pay off that you can think of full attention to every detail. Costs often rise on account of the employees or waste of material by them. This is due to the lack of supervision. Owing to laxity of control costs of production go up. The management is overworked.
Individual tastes ignored: Large-scale production is a mass production or standardized production. Goods of uniform quality are turned out irrespective of the preferences of individual customers. Individual tastes are not therefore, satisfied. This results in a loss of custom.
Personal element: Paid employees generally manage a large-scale business. The owner is usually absent. The sympathy and personal touch, which ought to exit between the master and the men, are missing frequent misunderstandings lead to strikes and lack outs. This is positively harmful to the business.
Possibility of depression: large-scale production may result overhead production. Production may exceed demand and cause depression unemployment. It is not always easy or profitable to dispose of a large output.
Dependence on foreign market: A large-scale producer has generally to depend on foreign markets. The foreign markets may be cut off by war or some other political upheaval this makes the business risky.
Cut throat competition: Large-scale producers must fight for the markets. These are wasteful competition, which does not to society. Many promising businesses are ruined by senses competition. There is also competition and biddings for resorts and inputs.
International complications and war: When the large-scale producer operates on an international scale, their interest clash either on the score of markets or of materials. These complications sometimes lead to armed conflicts. Many a modem war a rose on account of scramble for materials & markets.
Lack of adaptability: A large scale producing units find it's very difficult to switch on from one business to another, in a depression small firms are able to move away from declining trades to flourishing ones easily. In this way they are able to avoid losses. This adaptability is lacking in a big business.
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